播期和种植密度对超高产小麦‘济麦22’产量及其构成因素的影响

Effect of Sowing Time and Planting Density on Yield and Components of‘Jimai22’with Super-high Yield

为给‘济麦22’大面积推广提供适宜栽培措施,选择4个生态区5个试验点,通过大田试验研究了播期和种植密度对该品种产量及其构成因素的影响。结果表明,播期对单位面积穗数、千粒重及产量产生显著的影响,但对穗粒数影响不大;种植密度对产量及构其成因素均有显著影响。在一定范围内,‘济麦22’单位面积穗数随着播期的推迟而减少,随密度的增加而增加;穗粒数随播期的推迟而增加,随密度的增加而减少;千粒重随播期的推迟先增加后下降,随密度的增加而降低。产量构成因素稳定性分析发现环境差异对‘济麦22’千粒重影响较大,而对单位面积穗数和穗粒数影响较小。2008年4个生态区‘济麦22’适宜播期范围分别为：鲁南地区10月8日至14日、鲁东地区10月6日至12日、鲁北地区10月1日至7日、鲁西地区10月10日至16日;适宜种植密度范围为180×104/hm2-240×104/hm2。研究还表明,在中高肥或高肥地力条件下,增加粒重对充分发挥‘济麦22’高产潜力似乎更有效。因此,选择适宜播期播量的同时,应在栽培技术中注意采取相应的措施,获得足够的单位面积穗数的基础上,稳步提高粒重。

In order to provide some available cultural practices to the wide diffusion of ‘ Jimai22 ’ , the effect of sowing time and planting density on yield and its components were researched in field by 5 trial sites under 4 different planting districts. The results showed that the effect of sowing time was significant on number of spike per hm 2 , kernel weight and grain yield, but a little on kernels per spike. While the effect of planting density was significant on both grain yield and its components. The number of spike per hm 2 was decreased with the delay of sowing time, while increased with the increase of planting density in an extent. While the changes of kernels per spike were opposite to the former, and the kernel weight was firstly increased and then decreased with the delay of sowing time, decreased with the increase of planting density. Different planting districts showed that marked effect on kernel weight of ‘ Jimai22 ’ and less effect on number of spike per hm 2 and kernels per spike. The available sowing time range of ‘ Jimai22 ’ in the four planting districts were as follows： Oct. 8 th to 14 th for Lunan area, Oct. 6 th to 12 th for Ludong area, Oct. 1 st to 7 th for Lubei area, Oct. 10 th to 16 th for Luxi area. And the available planting density was ranged from 180~240 × 10 4 /hm 2 . It was appeared that the increase of kernel weight were more efficient to exert the high yield potential of ‘ Jimai22 ’ in the middle or high soil fertility districts. So in the following planting of ‘ Jimai22 ’ , the suitable sowing time and planting density were firstly considered, then some available cultural practices were used to obtain enough spikes, and on this basis, the kernel weight should be increased steadily.