钱塘江河口治理回顾

Review of Regulation of Qiantang Estuary

以涌潮闻名的钱塘江河口，动力强劲，破坏力极大．回顾钱塘江河口历代治理情况，重点记述１９４９ 年以来治理工作的进展，论述６０ 年代提出的钱塘江河口治理规划的指导思想，即缩窄江道，减少进潮量，增大山潮水比值的整治原则．总结整治规划实施过程中治江围涂经验，特别是“以围代坝”和丁坝坝头保护等工程措施．分析钱塘江河口大规模治江围涂后对钱塘江河口潮汐、洪水位、河床以及杭州湾北岸深槽的影响．

The Qiantang Estuary with violent hydrodynamic conditions is well known for its tidal bore.The regulation of the estuary in the past,especially the progress since the founding of new China are reviewed.The principles of the regulation and planning of the Qiantang Estuary formulated in 1960s are expounded, i.e. ,to narrow the river to reduce the tidal prism,and to increase the ratio of the river flow to tidal discharge.The experience of estuary regulation/reclamation is summarized,especially the engineering measures to protect the groin head and to use polder dykes as sea defense works.Finally,the effect is analyzed of the large scale constraction/reclamation in the estuary on the tides,flooding high water level,estuary bed and the northern deep waterway in the Hangzhou Bay.