渊源与价值:我国传统残疾人社会保障的历史反思

Origin and Value:Historical Reflections on the Traditional Social Securities for the Disabled in China

传统残疾人社会保障有着丰富的思想渊源,而各家学说于此亦存在共通之处。历朝历代也基于这些思想颁行了一系列涉残的政策和措施,包括国家收养、减免赋役、实物救助和量能授事。这些思想和做法既有其契合时代价值的一面,具有先进性、国家主导性和基础性,但受制于时代和阶级的局限,亦有其缺失权利本位性、人格独立性和法制性的不足。而构建现代残疾人社会保障制度,必须秉据史务实之态度,科学甄别和评估其价值,在延续制度的历史惯性之基础上实现制度的革故鼎新。

There exists a rich origin in conceptions in terms of traditional social securities for the disabled and commonalities can be found in different schools of theories in this area.Based on such conceptions,different dynasties in history issued various policies and measures concerning the disabled,including state-funded rearing system,tax and corvee reduction and exemption,relief in kind and job assignment based on abilities.Such conceptions and practices are,on the one hand,in concord with their respective historical periods,characterized by progressiveness and fundamentality,with the state taking the leading role.But as a result of the limitations of times and classes,these conceptions and practices are not paying enough attention to the natural rights of the disabled,to their independent personal dignity or to legality.In constructing modern social securities for the disabled,such practical attitude should be adopted that gives respect to history,scientifically examining and assessing its values so as to effect system innovations on the basis of inheriting historical values.