我国生态补偿基金的法律性质研究——兼论《中华人民共和国生态补偿条例》相关框架设计

On the Legal Nature of Eco-compensation Fund in China:with Another Thought on the Framework of Ecological Compensation Ordinance

我国应采用公法上的财团法人模式建立生态补偿基金,以实施生态补偿中货币补助方式的直接公共补偿。《中华人民共和国生态补偿条例》应构建行业性生态补偿基金、专门性生态补偿基金与综合性生态补偿基金相结合,地方性生态补偿基金、区域性生态补偿基金与全国性生态补偿基金多层次组成的生态补偿基金体系。生态补偿基金的内部组织机构一般应包括运作机关、监督机关、审核机关和收支审议机关,并明确其各自基本职能。应建立以财政拨款为基础的多元化的生态补偿基金资金来源制度,财政拨款必须作为该类基金的基本资金来源。生态补偿基金法律制度还应包括基金会计制度、审计制度、行政管理制度和监督制度,也应由《中华人民共和国生态补偿条例》予以明文规定。

The form of public foundational juridical person should be adopted in China to establish the eco-compensation fund （ECF） in order to realize the direct monetary subsidies to the act maintaining the ecosystem benefits. A multilayered system of ECF consists of industry-based eco-compensation fund, specific eco-compensation fund and general eco-compensation fund, which can be a local, regional or national level fund, ought to be built in the context of Ecological Compensation Ordinance. The internal structure of ECF includes institutions of administration, monitoring reviewing and auditing, and the functions of each need to be identified by Ecological Compensation Ordinance. A pluralistic system of financial sources of ECF should be created with the budgetary allocation as its fundamental fund source. The legal mechanism of ECF should also include systems of accounting, auditing, administrative and monitoring, which should be respectively specified by Ecological Compensation Ordinance.