生态文明视野中的明清采木

Court’s Acquisition of Wood in Ming and Qing Dynasties in View of Ecological Civilization

明清时期奢侈之风兴盛,朝廷采办大量木材用于薪炭、造船、建筑以及家具。木材采办主要分布于四川、湖广、浙江等地,采伐后经过陆运、水运两种形式将木材从产地运送到京城,并储存在木厂之中。由于没有得到妥善的管理,在运输和贮藏的过程中造成了大量的浪费。重点研究木材运输、贮藏过程及其特点,认为这一时期朝廷的采木超出了生态和社会的承受能力,不利于人与自然、社会的和谐共生与良性循环。

Rulers of Ming and Qing dynasties invested a large amount of timbers on charcoal, ship building, palaces, and making furniture. The timbers mainly came from Sichuan Province, Hu-Guang district （about in some areas of Hunan Province, Hubei Province, Guangxi Province, Guangdong Province and Guizhou Province nowadays） , Zhejiang Province etc. All these timbers were transported by land and water to Beijing after logging, and stored in woodwork mill. In this process, a large amount of timbers were wasted without appropriate management. This paper analyzes the characteristics of transportation and storage of the timbers at that time, and draws the conclusion that the court＇s acquisition of woods was beyond the carrying capacity of ecological environment, and had bad impact on virtuous circle of human being, society, and environment.