1Moreto M, Ojembarrena E , Rodriguez M L. Endoscopic injection of ethanolam in easa treatment for achalasia: Afirstreport. Endoscopy , 1996 ,28:539-545.
2Pasficha P J , Ravich WJ , Kalloo A N. Effects of intrasphincteric botulinum toxin on the lower esophageal sphincter inpiglets. Gastro- enterology , 1993,105 : 1045.
5Hoffman BJ, Knapple WL, Bhutani MS, et al. Treatment of acha- lasia by injection of botulinum toxin under endoscopic ultrasound guidance. Gastrointest Endosc ,1997:45(1) :77.
2Omura N, Kashiwagi H, Yano F, et al. Reoperations for e- sophageal achalasia [ J ]. Surg Today, 2012, 42 ( 11 ) : 1078-1 081.
3Eckardt VF, Aignherr C, Bernhard G. Predictors of outcome in patients with achalasia treated by pneumatic dilation [ J ]. Gastroenterology, 1992,103 (6) : 1 732 - 1 738.
4Eckardt AJ, Eckardt VF. Treatment and surveillance strate- gies in achalasia: an update [ J ]. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol,2011,8(6) :311 -319.
5Zaninotto G, Costantini M, Portale G, et al. Etiology, diagno- sis, and treatment of failures after laparoscopic Heller myot- omy for achalasia [ J ]. Ann Surg, 2002,235 ( 2 ) : 186 - 192.
6Petersen RP, Pellegrini CA. Revisional surgery after Heller myotomy for esophageal achalasia [ J ]. Surg Laparosc En- dosc Percutan Tech,2010,20 (5) :321 - 325.
7Francis DL, Katzka DA. Achalasia: update on the disease and its treatment [ J ]. Gastroenterology, 2010, 139 ( 2 ) : 369 - 374.
8Wang L, Li YM, Li L. Meta-analysis of randomized and con- trolled treatment trials for achalasia[ J]. Dig Dis Sci ,2009, 54(11) :2 303 -2 311.
9Torquati A, Richards WO, Holzman MD, et al. Laparoscopic myotomy for achalasia:predictors of successful outcome af- ter 200 cases [ J ]. Ann Surg,2006,243 (5) :587 - 593.
10Zhu YQ, Cheng YS, Tang GY, et al. Comparison of temporary stent insertion with pneumatic dilation of the same diameter in the treatment of achalasia patients:a retrospective study [ J ]. J Gastroenterol Hepatol,2010,25 (3) :499 - 505.