国际天然气定价新趋势

Latest developments in the international gas pricing system

目前全球存在四个相互独立的天然气定价体系。北美与英国实行不同气源之间的竞争定价;欧洲大陆实行与油价挂钩的定价;东北亚采用与日本进口原油加权平均价格(JCC)挂钩的定价;前苏联地区采用双边垄断(出口垄断和进口垄断)的定价。全球经济衰退、北美页岩气的大规模开发、天然气液化能力的大幅提高等因素缓解了此前LNG资源的短缺状况,新的全球天然气价格互动体系正在形成。中国迫切需要建立一个国产气和进口气之间、天然气与其他能源之间可以互相关联、有序联动的定价体系。理顺天然气价格与其他可替代能源的比价关系,引导天然气资源合理配置,推动天然气与其他能源的合理竞争,是我国能源产业发展的重要方向。净回值价格体系将天然气价格与竞争性能源联系起来,避免单纯与油价挂钩而造成的价格虚高,可保证天然气在能源市场的竞争力。在目前油价高企、实现净回值价格体系尚有一定难度的LNG市场,可通过对JCC油价指数挂钩公式的调整来降低LNG的采购成本。

There are now four independent gas pricing systems worldwide.The North American and British system applies competitive pricing to gas depending on the source.The Continental European system links the gas price to the oil price.The Northern Far East system prices against the weighted average(Japan Crude Cocktail-- JCC)of Japan’s imported crude oil prices;and the former Soviet Union continues to use a bilateral monopoly(export monopoly and import monopoly)pricing system.The global recession,large-scale development of shale gas in North America,and liquefaction capacity adequacy have alleviated the shortage of LNG resources,and a new global natural gas price Interaction system has developed. China now is in urgent need of building a pricing system where the prices of domestic and imported natural gas,natural gas and other forms of energy,can interact with each other.The main thrust of development in the energy industry is to establish price parity relationships between natural gas and other alternative energy,ensure that natural gas resources are allocated reasonably,and promote reasonable competition between natural gas and other energy.A netback pricing system connects the prices of natural gas and competitive energy,avoids a virtual high gas price caused simply by linkage to the price of oil,and guarantees the competitiveness of natural gas in energy markets.In the present state of the LNG market, with high oil prices and difficulty in achieving a netback pricing system,we can reduce the cost of LNG purchasing by adjusting the formula for linkage to the JCC oil index.