医务人员职业暴露现状分析及防护措施

Condition and prevention of occupational exposure of medical staff

目的了解医院医务人员职业暴露发生的基本情况和危险因素,为制定职业暴露防护措施提供依据。方法根据2009年全院报告的医务人员锐器伤和职业暴露报告单,分析医务人员发生职业暴露的基本情况和危险因素。结果全年共报告职业暴露46人,其中锐器伤30人,占65.22%,血液/体液暴露16人,占34.78%;发生职业暴露以护士(60.87%)和医师(32.61%)为主;暴露源病种以乙型肝炎为最多,占锐器伤暴露源的80.00%;暴露地点主要发生在病房占65.22%;各暴露环节中以各种穿刺和注射所占比例最高占30.43%;全年共支出职业暴露检测治疗费用11 417.76元,平均每人248.21元。结论加强教育培训,提高职业防护意识;实施标准预防,规范操作规程;强化免疫接种和完善职业暴露监测制度是保护医务人员职业安全的有效措施。

OBJECTIVE To investigate the condition and risk factor of occupational exposure of medical staff,and provide evidence for preventive strategies to medical staff.METHODS A retrospective investigation of the occuptional exposure status of medical staff in hospital in 2009 was made according to the report sheets of needle stick injuries and occupational exposures of 46 cases of medical staff.RESULTS Totally 46 cases occupational exposures were reported in 2009,30 cases were sharp injuries（65.22%）and 16 cases were blood/body fluid exposures（34.78%）.Most of the occupational exposures populations were nurses（60.87%） and doctors（32.61%）.The sources of exposure was mainly Hepatitis B which accounted for 80.00% in exposure sharp instrument.Dominant departments were general wards（65.22%）.Exposure links were mainly all kinds of puncture and injection（30.43%）.The total annual expenditure was 11 417.76 yuan in detection and treatment of occupational exposure,248.21 yuan for each person.CONCLUSIONS It is effective for medical staff to strengthen the training and education,improve vocational safety awareness,standardize all of operating regulation,change adverse working habit,execute criteria prevention,strengthen immunization vaccination and perfect the monitoring system of occupational exposure.