侵权责任归责原则体系分析

Principles of Liability in Tort Liability System

侵权责任法的归责原则是确定行为人的侵权民事责任的依据和标准,也是贯穿于整个侵权责任法并对各个侵权法规范起着统帅作用的立法指导方针。侵权责任的归责原则所要解决的是侵权责任的伦理和正义性基础问题,"三元论"归责原则因具备内在逻辑联系和层次性而较之其它归责原则说更具有合理性。我国新颁行的侵权责任法采用二元归责体系,即归责原则由过错责任和无过错责任构成,归责原则应采用以过错责任原则和无过错责任原则为基础,以公平责任原则为补充的归责原则体系。

The principle of liability in tort liability law functions as the premise and standard in establishing the civil liability of a tort person and the guiding law-making principle in exemplifying other regulations in tort law system.The key issues concerned are the fundamental problems about ethics and justice.The pluralism liability principle presents itself with more reason and logic compared with other liability principles.The newly released Tort Liability Law adopted dualism in its liability principle,composed by only fault-liability and no-fault-liability.This paper argues that our tort liability law should adopt a liability system with fault-liability and no-fault-liability as base and principle,and fairness principle as its complement.