城市社区微观空间意象研究——基于南京居民250份手绘草图的比较

Study on spatial image of community based on comparison of 250 sketch maps drawn by residents in Nanjing

选取南京封闭社区与开放社区相互邻近的4个对比组共8个居住社区,对其居民的社会属性、生活习惯和社区空间感知特征进行了问卷调查,并从250份手绘草图中提取和统计相关数据,据此分析城市居民社区空间意象地图的主要类型与构成要素。研究发现,居民的社会属性是影响人们社区空间意象的决定性因素,性别、年龄、收入和居住时间的差异导致居民空间感知与意象地图的差异;不同的居住空间结构模式同样对居民空间感知产生影响,封闭社区居民对社区围墙和大门等的感知强烈,而开放社区居民则更加熟悉社区周边环境。在此基础上,认为封闭式社区管理模式虽然有助于增加居民安全感和空间领域感,但不利于不同社区居民之间的日常交往与社会融合。

The paper briefly introduces research progress on urban mental maps, to promote studies on city image in the field of residential community. It chooses eight communities in Nanjing and divides them into 4 comparative groups, each of which is constituted by a gated community and an open one neighboring with each other; conducts questionnaire surveys on the residents about their social attributes, living habits, community spatial cognition, and does data extraction and statistics from 250 sketch maps. On this basis, it analyses the main types and elements of mental maps of residential communi-ties in Nanjing and summarizes differences between mental maps at the micro-level community and the macro-level city in the aspects of spatial structure and expression ways. The paper divides mental maps of communities into three types： topological structure, spatial structure and mixed structure between them; identifies the elements of mental maps into four types： path, domain, edge and landmark. Research shows that residents＂ social attribute is the decisive element for spatial image of community and the difference of gender, age, income and residential duration results in the difference of residents＂ spatial cognition and mental maps; the difference of mental maps between residents from a gated community and those from an open one in the same area is mainly caused by the difference of their age structure, social economic status and daily spatial activity areas. Furthermore, different modes of residential structure also have influences on residents＂ spatial cognition. Residents from a gated community have a strong cognition for walls and gates of their community, and those from an open one are more familiar with the surrounding environment of it. Finally, this paper suggests that the managing mode of a gated community hinders the association of residents from different communities and their social integration, though it helps to enhance residents＂ sense of safety and space field.