基于极化特征分解的海上小目标检测算法研究

Small Target Detection in Sea Clutter Based on Polarization Characteristics Decomposition

该文首次从全极化信息处理角度解决低擦地角下,海杂波中的低可观测小目标检测问题,提出了一种基于极化特征分解的海上小目标检测方法。通过对实测全极化数据分析,验证了海杂波已被阐述的极化特性。并对回波特征矩阵进行极化特征分解,对比了纯海杂波与包含目标回波时海杂波的极化特征量。据此,提出了一个新的极化特征量-联合熵间距(DBEA)。根据海杂波与小目标DBEA反映的散射机理差异,给出了小目标检测方法,得到了正确的检测结果。经过不同海况数据进行多次验证,得出该方法具有良好的检测能力和较强的鲁棒性。

In this paper,based on polarization characteristics decomposition of full-polarization information processing,a novel method of detecting low observable targets within sea clutter at low grazing angle is proposed for the first time.Through analyzing the real full-polarization data,the polarization characteristic of sea clutter,described before,has been verified.The differences of polarization characteristics,after polarization characteristics decomposition,between pure sea clutter and the one including the small target have been compared,according to which a novel polarization characteristic,named Distance Between Entropy and Anisotropy（DBEA）,is proposed.The detection result can be obtained after the new method based on the scattering mechanism difference of DBEA.It has been proved that the new way has good detection performance and strong robustness with more times random test and under more sea state levels.