碳关税对发展中国家的经济影响及对策分析

AN ANALYSIS FOR THE EFFECT OF CARBON TARIFF ON DEVELOPING COUNTRIES' ECONOMY AND RESPONSE

研究碳关税对美国进口贸易的影响,以碳关税与普通关税的区别为出发点,建立一个3阶段博弈模型,导出最优碳关税和最优出口补贴的表达式.结果显示:引入碳关税将减少发展中国家对美国出口,并能增加发达国家的福利.此外,还考察了影响碳关税水平的一些重要因素,包括机会成本、补贴时机、企业数目、产品水平差异化和市场分割,针对这些因素,提出了发展中国家应对碳关税政策的对策建议.

Taking the effect of carbon tariff on the import as a classification standard, this paper formulates a three-stage game model to study the effect of carbon tariff on imports into the US. In the model, the optimal carbon tariff to the US and the optimal subsidy to developing countries are addressed. Intuitively, the results derived from the model show that introducing carbon tariff will reduce developing countries＇ exports to the US market and increase the developed countries＇ welfare. Besides, a number of different situations are analyzed in this study. They include opportunity costs of subsidy, subsidy timing, the number of enterprises, horizontal product differentiation, and market segmentation. For each of these situations, policy recommendations are derived to cope with the effects of carbon tariff.