养老模式对健康的影响

The Impact of Elder-care Patterns on Chinese Elderly's Health and Well-being

中国人口老龄化趋势日益明显,这给养老、医疗、社会服务带来了巨大的压力。本文从居住模式和主要经济来源两个方面来界定中国老年人的养老模式,利用经济学方法,根据2002年、2005年中国老年人口健康状况调查数据(Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey,CLHLS),从实证角度,讨论了中国不同养老模式如何影响老年人的健康状况,并且分析了这一关系是否存在性别差异、城乡差异和年龄段差异。研究发现,养老模式是关系到中国老年人健康的一个关键因素,经济与居住均独立的老年夫妻有最明显的健康优势和主观幸福度优势,而依靠子女供养或政府补助的个人独居养老模式是最差的。这些经验发现可以为政府改善老龄人群的健康提供可靠的政策依据。

The development trend of China＇s population aging brings great pressure on social security, health care and social welfare. Using Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey （2002--2005） data, this paper （1） defines elder-care patterns in China from two aspects： living arrangements and means of financial support, and （2） examines how different elder-care patterns affect health and subjective well-being of Chinese elderly, and （3） investigates gender difference, urban-rural difference and cohort difference in the association of elder-care patterns and outcomes. It is found that married couples living alone with financial independence are the most advantaged group in terms of health and life quality. The evidence also suggests that the elderly may benefit from the development of institutionalized care.