怒江流域怒江州段水电开发生态影响研究

Study on ecological impact of hydropower development of Nujiang River Basin:a case study of Nujiang Prefecture part

如何降低怒江生态脆弱性所导致的生态风险,提高其综合生态效益,一直以来都是怒江水电开发所面临的严峻挑战。采用G IS分析技术对怒江州生态敏感性(生境敏感性和土壤侵蚀敏感性)进行了分析,在此基础上,结合境内怒江流域拟建电站所处区域,分析了怒江中上游水电开发的生态影响。通过分析发现,该区域生态敏感性空间分异较为明显,表现出沿河谷生态效应的纵向分异和不同海拔层的垂直分异,这种分异状况,使怒江水电开发具有整体生态系统敏感性较高、局部敏感性复杂多样的特点。经研究认为,在宏观调控的基础上,加强对重点区域及特殊区域的调控,采取差别化的生态应对措施是提高怒江水电开发生态友好性的关键。

By using the GIS method,we analyzed the ecological sensitivity（habitation sensitivity and land erosion sensitivity）,as well as the ecological impact resulting from the hydropower development in the middle and upper reaches of Nujiang river.We found that the ecological sensitivity is characterized by obvious space differentiation： longitudinal differentiation along the valley and vertical differentiation at the different altitude.To the hydropower development,the overall ecosystem is sensitive,and the local system is complicated.In order to balance the hydropower development and ecosystem,based on macro-control,we should strengthen regulation on key and ecological sensitivity areas of the Nujiang River basin,and take different appropriate ecological measures to the ecological sensitive areas.