棒状形貌纳米氧化锌的合成及其应用

Preparation and application of rod-like nano-sized zinc oxide

以六水硝酸锌和氨水一氢氧化钠为原料，采用液相沉淀法制备出氧化锌纳米棒。研究了氨水的初始浓度、滴加速度以及加热方式对纳米氧化锌形貌和尺寸的影响。结果表明：在氨水初始浓度为5％（质量分数）、滴加速度为60g／h，并采用两段加热（成核生长温度为60℃、陈化温度为80℃）的方式，合成的纳米氧化锌呈棒状形貌，分散均匀，长径比达到11。纳米氧化锌对大肠杆菌具有很好的抑菌效果。水性聚氨酯中加入1．5％（质量分数）的棒状形貌纳米氧化锌后，可吸收250～400nm的紫外线，拉伸强度从2．7MPa增加到4．5MPa。

Rod-like nano-sized zinc oxide （ ZnO ） was prepared by liquid phase precipitation method with Zn （ NO3 ） 2· 6H2O, aqueous ammonia and sodium hydroxide solution as raw materials. Influence of synthesis conditions, such as initial ammonia concentration, dropping rate, and heating way, on the morphology and size of ZnO nanoparticles were investigated. Results＇ indicated that the synthesized ZnO nanoparticles were rod-like in morphology and dispersed uniformly with slender- ness ratio of 11 when the initial ammonia concentration was 5 % （mass fraction）, dropping rate was 60 g/h, and two stage heating way （ nucleation growth temperature is 60℃ and aging temperature is 80 ℃ ） was adopted. Nano-sized ZnO had good antibacterial effect to colon bacillus. When 1.5 % （ mass fraction） rod-like nano-sized ZnO was incorporated into water- borne polyurethane composite, tensile strength was increased from 2.7 MPa to 4.5 MPa. Furthermore, UV absorbance in the wavelength of 250 ~ 400 nm was observed.