单核苷酸多态性标记在牛亲子鉴定中的应用与展望

The Application and Prospect of Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Markers in Cattle Paternity Testing

在牛的育种实践和科学研究中,正确的系谱记录是准确估计育种值、提高遗传进展的基础,是研究各性状分子机理的重要保证。而在生产实践中,由于各种原因,系谱错误在所难免,因此亲子鉴定作为纠正系谱错误的重要方法是育种实践和科研中不可或缺的研究内容。目前用于牛亲子鉴定的标记主要是微卫星标记(SSR)和单核苷酸多态性(SNP)标记。作为第三代分子标记,SNP标记具有数量丰富、遗传稳定、判型错误率低、操作方便、检测自动化的优点,非常适合用于大规模群体的亲子鉴定。随着SNP检测成本的降低,在牛亲子鉴定中有取代微卫星标记之势。

In cattle genetics and breeding practices and molecular genetics research fields,correct pedigree information are critical for accurately estimating breeding values,fast genetic progress and reliable research findings.However,in real situation many issues could result in incorrect pedigree records.So paternity testing becomes essential and necessary.Nowadays microsatellite and SNP are two kinds of commonly used markers in the cattle paternity testing.Being the third-generation molecular marker,SNP has many advantages,especially comparing to microsatellite markers,such as,its abundance in the genome,extremely low mutation rate,low genotyping error rate,high repeatability,and amenable to high-throughput automated analysis.SNP markers are considered to be very suitable for large-scale group testing.In the future,with the decrease of SNP genotyping cost,it＇s possible that SNP markers could replace microsatellite markers in the cattle paternity testing.