工业时代的留存——西安市东方105街坊的启示

Retention of the Industrial Age——The Enlightenment of Xi'an Dongfang 105 Neighborhood Settlements

西安是世界文明四大古都之一,作为十三朝古都的它为我们留下了无数珍贵的文化遗产。然而,它的另一个身份——作为建国初期国家大力发展的重工业城市之一却常常被人们所忽视。国民经济恢复和第一个五年计划时期,伴随大规模的工业企业建设,与之相配套的、以单位为主体的街坊式住区建设进入高潮。60年后的今天,这些住区已然是城市文化的一部分,成为标识工业时代的文化缩影和符号。本文通过对西安市"一五"期间设立的国营东方机械厂家属院——东方105街坊的实地调研和居民访谈,总结分析街坊式住区形成的社会经济背景、空间特征以及在快速城市化背景下所发生的各种变化。在研究目前街坊式住区改造和发展的现实状况基础上,探讨建国初期街坊式住区所具有的历史和遗产价值,建议将街坊式住区纳入文化和工业遗产的高度加以保护,并进行有机更新。

As the capital of 13 dynasties, Xi＇an is one of the four ancient capitals of world civilization, it has left many precious cultural heritage to us. However, as one of the heavy industry cities in the early days of the country, it is often ignored. During the national economic recovery and the first Five-Year Plan period, with the development of large-scale industrial enterprises, the neighborhood settlements had reached its climax, they had matched on industrial enterprises and based on unit. After 60 years, these settlements have been a part of urban culture, they have become a microcosm and symbol of cultural to identify the industrial age. This paper is based on the field research and interviews with residents of Xi’an Dongfang 105 neighborhood settlements which belongs to State-owned Dongfang Machinery Factory that was established during the first Five-Year Plan period, the author analyzes the socio-economic background, spatial characteristics and changes that occurred under the rapid urbanization background, which formed under the neighborhood settlements. Through the study on present changes and development of neighborhood settlements, the author discusses the historical and heritage value of neighborhood settlements that were established during the early days of the country, and proposes to protect neighborhood settlements up to the height of cultural and industrial heritage and update organicallyof the designers and also the inevitable influences brought by social development, although was launched in order to be replicated in industrialization for people who need residence, Eames house finally becomes a unparalleled piece of work in the history.