氮磷钾配施对马铃薯干物质积累及产量的影响

Effect of the Different Nitrogen,Phosphorus and Potassium Fertilizations on the Biomass Accumulation and Yield of Potato

[目的]研究氮磷钾肥配合施用对马铃薯干物质积累动态及产量形成的影响,可为马铃薯合理施肥提供理论依据和技术指导。[方法]以紫花白为试验材料,分别设:对照(CK)、氮磷(NP,N 120.0 kg/hm2、P2O5105.0 kg/hm2)、氮钾(NK,N 120.0 kg/hm2、K2O 120.0kg/hm2)、磷钾(PK,P2O5105.0 kg/hm2、K2O 120.0 kg/hm2)、氮磷钾(NPK,N 120.0 kg/hm2、P2O5105.0 kg/hm2、K2O 120.0 kg/hm2)5种不同施肥处理,研究氮磷钾肥配合施用对马铃薯干物质积累动态及产量形成的影响。[结果]5种施肥处理马铃薯单株总干物质积累量、块茎干物质积累量、块茎产量(鲜)均表现为NPK>PK>NK>NP>CK,NPK处理较PK、NK、NP处理全株及块茎干物质积累速率都明显提高,达到0.05显著水平。5种处理单株茎叶总干物重为NPK>NP>NK>PK>CK,分配于地上茎叶的干物质率为NPK>NP>NK>CK>PK,分配于块茎的干物质率则为PK>CK>NK>NP>NPK。[结论]氮磷钾配施有利于促进马铃薯植株干物质积累和地下部块茎形成与增长;在其他2种养分配合施用基础上,增施氮肥对地上茎叶的促进作用最明显,磷肥次之,钾肥最小。而对地下块茎的促进作用则以钾肥效应最大,磷肥次之,氮肥最小。

[Objective] The theoretic basis and the technical guidance of the reasonable fertilization for potato were provided through the research on the effect of different nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium fertilizations on biomass accumulation and yield of potato.[Method] The effect of 5 fertilizations（Treatment One： N,120.0 kg/hm2 and P2O5,105.0 kg/hm2;Treatment Two： N,120.0 kg/hm2 and K2O,120.0 kg/hm2;Treatment Three： P2O5,105.0 kg/hm2 and K2O,120.0 kg/hm2;Treatment Four： N,120.0 kg/hm2,P2O5,105.0 kg/hm2 and K2O,120.0 kg/hm2 and CK） on the biomass accumulation and yield formation of potato-Zibaihua was experimented.[Results] The order of 5 treatments affecting the biomass accumulation of whole potato plant and biomass accumulation and fresh yield of potato tuber,was NPK〉PK〉NK〉NP〉CK and the treatment of NPK could significantly promote the accumulation rate of the biomass of whole potato plant and potato tuber（P〈0.05） compared with other four treatments.The order of 5 treatments affecting total biomass accumulation of the stem and leaf of single plant was NPK〉NP〉NK〉PK〉CK;and in terrestrial stem and leaf,NPK〉NP〉NK〉CK〉PK;in tuber,PK〉CK〉NK〉NP〉NPK.[Conclusion] The reasonable fertilization of NPK could be beneficial to the biomass accumulation of potato plant and the formation and development of underground tuber.Based on the assisting fertilization of other twos,the efficiency of N-fertilizer on terrestrial stem and leaf was largest;then,P-fertilizer and last,K-fertilizer;but the efficiency of K-fertilizer on underground tuber was largest;then,P-fertilizer and last,N-fertilizer.