茂兰自然保护区野生动物危害农作物现状与缓解对策研究

A Study on Status and Strategies of Wildlife damage crops in Maolan National Nature Reserve

通过走访调查、问卷调查和实地调查,对茂兰自然保护区内野生动物危害农作物现状进行调查分析。结果表明:区内危害动物主要是鼠类和猕猴,还有鸟类、猪獾等;受损农作物主要是玉米和水稻,还有黄豆、瓜果和甘薯等;危害日趋严重;危害多发生在林区边缘和夏秋季节;数量较多及靠近栖息地是造成危害的主要原因;群众对当前的补偿机制不满意,但保护区保护生态资源的人文环境良好。最后,分析保护区当前补偿机制存在的主要问题,并结合保护区实际,提出了包括退耕还林、调整种植结构、建立专项补偿资金、提高补偿标准,扩大补偿范围和妥善处理搬迁等缓解对策。

Through visit survey,questionnaire and field survey,this paper analyzes the status of wildlife damaging crops in Maolan Nature Reserve.Results show that the main harmful wildlife are rodent and monkeys,also including birds and hog-badger;the main damaged crops include corn and rice,also including soybean,melon and sweet potato.The damage becomes serious day after day.It mostly occurs in summer and autumn of the forest edge,which is largely because of the large number and the fields being close to the habitat.The people in the reserve are not satisfied with the current compensation mechanism.However,the human environment on protecting ecological resources is well.The paper analyses the main problems on the current compensation mechanism in Maolan Reserve,and then propose some effective countermeasure combined with the reality.Strategies to ease the tention include returning farmland to forests,regulating the plant structure,setting up a special compensation fund,increasing compensation and expanding the scope of compensation,handling the relocation properly and so on.