侵权责任方式与归责事由、归责原则的关系

The Relation of Types of Tort’s, Attributable Causes and Criterion of Liability

违反民事义务的性质决定了民事责任方式与归责原则。归责事由与归责原则既有联系,又有区别。《侵权责任法》规定了多种侵权责任方式,其归责事由与归责原则应当随之发生相应的变化。赔偿损失一般适用过错责任,法律有特别规定的,适用过错推定责任或者无过错责任。恢复原状是赔偿损失的特殊方法,其适用的归责原则与赔偿损失适用的归责原则没有区别。停止侵害、排除妨碍、消除危险与返还财产适用无过错责任(不问侵权人有无过错)。赔礼道歉、消除影响与恢复名誉适用过错责任。

The nature of breach of civil obligations determines the type of civil obligation and attributing principle. Attributable facts and attributing principle are two related different concepts. 〈 Tort Liability Law） stipulates various obligation, so the attributable facts and attributing principle should change according to obli- gation type. Damages should be applied to fault liability, if Law stipulates specifically, then presumption of fault liability or no - fault liability should be applied. Restitution is a special kind of damages, its attributing principle is same as damages＇. Stopping the damage, removal of obstacles, elimination of danger and return of property should adopt non - fault liability. Apology, elimination of effects and rehabilitation should adopt fault liability.