SNPs分子标记技术在昆虫学研究中的应用

Applications of SNPs molecular markers in Entomology

单核苷酸多态性(single nucleotide polymorphisms,SNPs)主要是指在染色体基因组水平上由于单个核苷酸的变异而引起的DNA序列多态性,包括单碱基的转换或颠换引起的点突变,其中最少出现1种等位基因频率不小于1%,常以双等位基因的形式出现,稳定而可靠。在目前的昆虫基因组研究中,SNPs标记的研究主要集中在果蝇、蚊媒、家蚕等一些模式生物。本文对SNPs标记在昆虫的种类鉴定、遗传图谱构建、种群遗传学、抗药性分子机理等方面进行了综述,最后展望了SNPs在种群遗传、标记辅助选择和生物进化等研究领域中的应用前景。

Single nucleotide polymorphisms（SNPs）mainly refer to sequence polymorphism in DNA caused by a single nucleotide variation at the genomic level.These include point mutations caused by single base transversions or conversions in which the frequency of one kind of allele is not less than 1%.Stable and reliable SNPs often involve two alleles.The use of SNPs markers in current research on insect genomes is still mainly restricted to a few model organisms;for example,the fruit fly,mosquito and silkworm.This paper summarizes the types of SNPs markers useful in entomological research,including taxonomy,genetic map construction,population genetics and elucidating molecular mechanisms of pesticide resistance.Future prospects for the application of SNPs,in fields such as population genetics,marker-assisted selection and evolution,are discussed.