新疆维吾尔族、哈萨克族、汉族人群颈动脉斑块的检出率调查

Detection rate of carotid artery plaque in Uygur, Kazakh and Ham populations of Xinjiang

目的了解新疆维吾尔族、哈萨克族、汉族成年人颈动脉斑块情况，提高对动脉粥样硬化的预防。方法2007年10月至2010年3月应用四阶段整群随机抽样法，抽取新疆维吾尔族、哈萨克族、汉族35岁以上人群13896名。进行问卷、体检和血糖、血脂检测及颈动脉斑块超声检测。采用Logistic回归分析该人群颈动脉斑块形成的主要危险因素。结果颈动脉斑块总检出率为10．2％。经标准化后维吾尔族、哈萨克族、汉族检出率分别为2．31％、1．84％、2．46％。Logistic回归分析显示，年龄（OR1．032，95％C11．026～1．037）、吸烟（OR1．358，95％C11．164～1．585）、总胆固醇（OR1．075，95％CI1．018～1．135）、血糖（OR1．050，95％CI1．020～1．081）、收缩压（OR1．011，95％CI1．008～1．014）是颈动脉斑块形成的独立危险因素，女性（OR0．653，95％C10．545～0．738）、高密度脂蛋白（OR0．864，95％C10．751～0．994）是其保护因素。结论新疆维吾尔族、哈萨克族、汉族颈动脉斑块检出随年龄增长呈增多趋势，且不同民族间存在差异。性别、年龄、吸烟、高密度脂蛋白、总胆固醇、血糖、收缩压均可影响颈动脉斑块的形成，不同性别影响因素不同。

Objective To investigate the detection rate of carotid artery plaque in Han, Uygur and Kazakh adult populations of Xinjiang. Methods During the period of October 2007 to March 2010, the present study was performed in 13896 Han, Uygur and Kazakh adults of Xinjiang aged 35 years old and over by a four-stage random sampling method. All subjects were investigated by a standardized questionnaire, physical, biochemical examination and ultrasonography of carotid arteries. Risk factors were analyzed by a logistic regression model. Results The prevalence of carotid artery plaque was 10. 2% . After standardization, the detection rate of Chinese Han, Uygur and Kazakh populations was 2.46%, 2.31% and 1.84% respectively. By the analysis of multivariate logistic regression, age（ OR 1. 032, 95% CI 1. 026 - I. 037） , smoking（ OR 1. 358, 95% CI 1. 164 - 1. 585 ） , total cholesterol （ OR 1. 075, 95% CI 1. 018 - 1. 135 ）, blood glucose（ OR 1. 050, 95% CI 1. 020 - 1. 081 ） and systolic blood pressure（ OR 1.011, 95% CI 1. 008 - 1. 014） were independent risk factors in the occurrence of carotid artery plaque. Females （ OR O. 653, 95% CI O. 545 -O. 738） and high-density lipoprotein（ OR 0. 864, 95% CI O. 751 -0. 994）were the protective factors in the occurrence of carotid artery plaque. Conclusion The detection of carotid artery plaque in Xinjiang increases substantially with age and difference exists between nationalities. The associated risk factors of the formation of carotid artery plaque include gender, age, smoking, high-density lipoprotein, total cholesterol, blood glucose and systolic blood pressure. The effect of these factors is different between genders.