广州某河段河水卫生状况研究

A Survey on the Water Hygiene Condition in Guangzhou

目的研究天然河道河水的卫生状况,探讨游泳最佳时点,筛选河水卫生状况评估的参数,为广州建立天然游泳场提供科学依据。方法于2006年3月至2008年7月每月1次,在每年6-7月相应增加次数(3次)对广州某天然河道上游、前后航道共13个点,按《游泳场所卫生标准》GB9667-1996、《工业企业设计卫生标准》(TJ36-79)表3检测项目、《地表水环境质量标准》GB3838-2002进行监测与评价,并参考《生活饮用水卫生标准》GB5749-2006。结果主要不合格指标是粪大肠菌群、氨氮、溶解氧、耗氧量、五日生化需氧量、石油类、磷酸盐,其中检出5宗霍乱弧菌,贾第鞭毛虫卵囊和隐孢子虫卵囊的检出率达97.4%和11.5%,粪大肠菌群合格率为0,溶解氧合格率为3.0%,氨氮合格率为4.8%。丰水期水质比枯水期水质污染物含量低。后航道相应的污染物浓度也较低,水质明显比西航道、前航道好。结论该河道河水的污染较严重,应从根本上做好截污、改水工作,降低有机物和生物性污染,采取共同治理等改善水质的措施及做好个人防护才能进行游泳。

Objective To investigate the hygiene conditions of the natural river water,explore the best time for swimming,and to collect environmental data for the assessment parameters of river health so as to provide a scientific basis for Guangzhou to establish the natural bathing beach.Methods Assessment was performed once a month between March 2006 and July 2008.Three additional monitoring were performed between June and July in some natural river of Guangzhou.A total of 13 data collection points was analyzed and monitored according to GB9667-1996 swimming workplace health standards,sanitary standards of industrial enterprises design（TJ36-79）,GB5749-2006 Standards for drinking water quality and GB3838-2002 Surface Water Environmental Quality.Results Several indicators were not up to the standard.These included the thermo-tolerant coliform bacteria,ammonia,DO,oxygen consumption,BOD5,petroleum and phosphate.Vibrio cholerae was found in 5 samples.The passing rate of thermotolerant coliform bacteria,DO and ammonia was 0,3.0% and 4.8%,respectively.The detection rate of Giardia and Cryptosporidium oocysts was 97.4% and 11.5%,respectively.Conclusions The river was seriously polluted.We should make good job of pollutant entrapment and water renovation in essence to reduce organic and biological pollution.A coordinated effort among the government departments is required to improve the water quality of the Pearl River.We should select the maximum period of water such as water quality improvement measures and good personal protection in order to swim.