“东优1号”杂色鲍及其亲本群体的形态特征和养殖性能比较

Comparisons of morphological characteristics and grow-out performance in new variety "Dongyou No. 1" and its parental populations of small abalone Haliotis diversicolor

以杂交种"东优1号"杂色鲍及其亲本群体为研究对象,对三者的外形特征和养殖性能进行了比较。结果表明,在壳形和密度相关的参数中,壳宽/壳长指标差异最为显著,日本群体的壳宽/壳长指标显著地大于台湾群体(P<0.05),而"东优1号"的值则介于双亲群体之间。采用海区延绳式吊养和陆地工厂化养殖两种养成模式,分别在福建、广东和海南对"东优1号"杂色鲍及其亲本群体进行为期一年的养殖对比试验。结果表明,杂色鲍台湾群体受养成期暴发性死亡症的严重影响,存活率极低;日本群体虽然具有较好的抗病能力,但生长速度却显著慢于"东优1号"和台湾群体;"东优1号"杂色鲍的生长速度和存活率在3个实验点都表现出较为显著的优势。研究结果表明"东优1号"杂色鲍是适合在亚热带和热带地区进行养殖的优良鲍新品种。

Small abalone Haliotis diversicolor is an economically important shellfish speices in southern China. The new variety＂Dongyou No. 1＂was crossbred by Japan selective strain as male and Taiwan selective strain as female. Morphological characteristics and grow-out performance in ＂Dongyou No. 1 ＂and its parental populations of small abalone were studied recently. The results for morphological characteristics showed that parameter of W/L was significantly different among three groups. The W/L for Japan population was significantly larger than Taiwan population（P 0. 05） and the value for＂Dongyou No. 1＂was between them. These three groups were cultured in the coast of Fujian with suspended long-line cages farming model,Guangdong and Hainan with land-based intensive farming model for one year. The survival rate and shell length for three groups were calculated each three months. The results showed that Taiwan population experienced high mortality during grow-out period in the whole three areas. Japan population showed high disease-resistant ability with high survival rate. But the growth rate for Japan population was significantly slower than Taiwan population（P 0. 05） .＂Dongyou No. 1＂showed excellent grow-out performance in all three areas. The results indicated that＂Dongyou No. 1＂was the suitable new variety of small abalone for farming in the subtropical and tropical areas.