髋部骨折患者术前静脉血栓栓塞症的预防与治疗

Prevention and treatment of deep venous thrombosis in hip fracture patients

目的 分析髋部骨折患者深静脉血栓形成（DVT）的影响因素,探讨髋部骨折患者术前静脉血栓栓塞症的预防与治疗.方法 选取2008年6月至2010年6月间收治的531例髋部单发骨折患者,男242例,女289例 平均年龄59.2岁（28～93岁）.股骨颈骨折336例,股骨转子间骨折183例,股骨转子下骨折12例.分析不同骨折类型、D-二聚体浓度、性别、年龄及术前制动时间与DVT发生率的关系.对于出现DVT的患者,给予放置下腔静脉滤器同时行骨折内固定术. 结果所有531例髋部骨折患者中,股骨颈骨折患者中21例发生DVT,股骨转子间骨折患者中34例发生DVT,股骨转子下骨折患者中无一例发生DVT.55例患者DVT均发生于术前,发生率为10.4%（55/531）.髋部骨折患者年龄、性别对DVT的发生率无影响,差异无统计学意义（P值分别为0.347、0.376）.D-二聚体浓度、骨折类型和术前制动时间对DVT的发生率有影响,差异有统计学意义（P值分别为0.002、0.017、0.037）.55例发生DVT的患者均顺利完成手术. 结论对于髋部骨折患者,年龄、性别对DVT的发生不具有临床意义,D-二聚体浓度、骨折类型和术前制动时间对DVT的发生有临床意义.放置下腔静脉滤器可确保骨折内固定手术及术后康复安全顺利进行.

Objective To analyze factors influencing the incidence of deep venous thrombosis （DVT） and discuss the prevention and treatment of DVT in hip fracture patients. Methods The present study enrolled 531 patients who received surgery between June, 2008 to June, 2010 for hip fractures. They were 242 men with a mean age of 56. 2 years and 289 women with a mean age of 65.2 years. There were 336 femoral neck fractures, 183 femoral intertrochanteric fractures, and 12 femoral subtrochanteric fractures. The associations between DVT incidence and fracture type, plasma D-Dimer, sex, age and preoperative duration of immobilization were statistically analyzed. Inferior yens cava filters were used for patients who suffered DVT while surgery was performed. Results The total incidence of DVT was 10. 4% in this series. DVT occurred in 21 cases of femoral neck fracture, 34 cases of femoral intertrochanteric fracture and 0 case of femoral subtrochanteric fracture. All DVT events happened before surgery. DVT incidence had no significant associations with age or sex （P =0. 347 and 0. 376, respectively）, but did with plasma D-Dimer, fracture type and preoperative duration of immobilization （P = 0. 002, 0. 017 and 0. 037, respectively）. All the 55 DVT patients underwent a successful surgery. Conclusions The DVT incidence in hip fracture patients may have no significant associations with age or sex, but may do with plasma D-Dimer, fracture type and preoperative duration of immobilization. Inferior vena cava filters can ensure a successful internal fixation of the fracture and an uneventful postoperative rehabilitation.