腹股沟区解剖与腹腔镜腹股沟斜疝修补术的应用探讨

Applied anatomy of the inguinal region and laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair

目的研究腹股沟区以及内环周边局部解剖学特点,为腹腔镜完全腹膜化腹腔内置补片修补术(TIIPOM)提供准确的临床应用解剖。方法尸体18具,男11具,女7具,共36侧,解剖腹股沟区以及内环周边结构,测量该区域神经及血管与相应解剖学。结果髂腹下神经髂前上棘内侧(4.10±0.89)cm处穿越腹内斜肌,在距耻骨联合上缘(5.02±1.46)cm处穿过腹外斜肌腱膜;髂腹股沟神经在髂前上棘内侧(3.09±0.81)cm处穿过腹内斜肌,于耻骨结节上方距耻骨联合上缘(3.84±0.89)cm处穿过腹外斜肌腱膜;建立内环周边局部解剖学模型。结论量化测量腹股沟区重要结构以及建立内环周边局部解剖学模型对减少TPIPOM术中、术后并发症可提供重要的参考价值。

Objective To investigate the regional anatomy of the inguinal region and abdominal ring and provide accurate anatomic basis for the clinical application of total peritoneum intraperitoneal onlay mesh （TPIPOM）. Methods The structures of the inguinal region and those surrounding the abdominal ring of 18 cadavers （11 males and 7 females,36 sides） were dissected to measure the lengths from the nerves and vessels to the corresponding anatomical landmarks. Results The average distances from the point where the iliohypogastric nerve （IHN） ran through the obliquus internus abdominis to anterosuperior iliac spine and from the point where the IHN ran through the aponeurosis of the external oblique muscle of the abdomen to the superior margin of the symphysis pubica were 4.10±0.89 cm and 5.02±1.46 cm,respectively. The average distances from the point where the ilioinguinal nerve （IGN） ran through the obliquus internus abdominis to the anterosuperior iliac spine and from the point where IGN ran through the aponeurosis of the external oblique muscle of the abdomen to the superior surface of the tuberculum pubicum were 3.09±0.81 cm and 3.84±0.89 cm,respectively. We established the regional anatomy model of the structures surrounding the abdominal ring. Conclusion The quantitative measurement of important structures of the inguinal region and establishment of the regional anatomy model of the surrounding structures of the abdominal ring can provide a valuable reference to reduce intraoperative and postoperative complications of TPIPOM.