免疫调节相关基因及其多态性与慢性乙型肝炎病毒感染的关系

Relations of immunity-related genes and their gene polymorphisms with chroic hepatitis B virus infection

机体对HBV的免疫耐受导致感染慢性化.已有大量研究发现,在慢性HBV感染过程中,免疫调节相关基因如人类白细胞抗原（HLA）、TNF-α、细胞凋亡因子-1（PD-1）、Bcl2家族凋亡协助蛋白（BIM）等基因的表达状态与肝脏炎症程度有关.动物模型中也观察到,封闭某些基因表达可以阻断免疫炎症,更进一步证实这一点.因此,涉及基因表达的宿主遗传背景对免疫应答的影响,成为新近关注的热点问题.人类基因组变异形式之一的基因拷贝数变异（CNVs）已被证实与多种免疫性疾病的发生与发展密切相关,虽然目前尚未证实哪些基因的CNVs与HBV感染转归有关,但已有的相关研究结果对研究HBV感染后疾病进程有借鉴作用.此文就HLA、TNF-α、PD-1、BIM等基因的多态性及基因表达差异对HBV感染的影响,以及近年来对CNVs与免疫性疾病关系研究所取得的进展进行了综述.

Immune tolerance of HBV cause chronic HBV infections.There are lost of studies on immunity-related genes,such as human leukocyte antigen（HLA）,tumor necrosis factor-alfa（TNF-α） programmed death-1 （PD-1）,Bcl2-interacting mediator （BIM）,whose expression profiles associate with the liver inflammation in chronic hepatitis B.Blocking some immune related-gene expression can disturb immune inflammation of liver in animal models.Recently,the affection of host genetic expression background to immune response become a hot topic.Cenomic variations-copy number variations （CNVs） have been proven to closel correlate with many kinds of immune diseases.There is no evidence revealing the relations between gene CNVs and hepatitis B However, current achievement in CNVs implicate that CNVs may be associated with the chronic HBV infection and its progression. This article aims to review the influence of HBV infection by gene polymorphisms, different expression of HLA, TNF-α, PD-1, BIM and recent progress in reseach of CNVs in immune disorders, in order to provide the mechanism theory and the future development trends in chronic HBV infection.