黄河中游水土保持坡面措施减洪减沙指标体系研究

Study of Flood and Sediment Reduction Index System for Water and Soil Conservation Treatments on Slope in the Middle Yellow River

在全面总结以往研究方法的特点、系统分析黄河中游不同类型区坡面径流小区实测资料、深入研究水土保持措施减洪减沙机理的基础上，提出“以洪算沙频率分析法”及“成因分析自然相关法”两种建立黄河中游水土保持坡面措施减洪减沙指标体系的思路和方法。前者应用数理统计方法以代表小区洪水径流量、降雨量为统计量，建立不同洪量频率、不同雨量级下的措施减洪指标体系；以流域降雨量为纽带，消除时段、点面、地区等差异，推到流域面上。后者则通过对小区资料的地区综合相关分析，以代表小区产洪（ 沙） 量和措施减洪（ 沙） 量为相关因子，以措施质量分级指标为参变量，建立经验模型；通过对径流泥沙模数的修正，推算流域的措施减洪减沙指标。

Two thoughts and methods, “frequency analysis of sediment calculation through flood” and “natural correlation through cause analysis”, are provided in the paper to establish the flood and sediment reduction index system of slope water and soil conservation treatments in the middle Yellow River on the basis of all around summing up the characteristics of former studies, systematically analysis of field data of slope runoff plots of different regions in the middle Yellow River, and deep study of flood and sediment reduction mechanisms of water and soil conservation treatments. The former method is using mathematical statistics to establish flood reduction index system in different flood volume frequencies and various rainfalls by taking plot flood runoff and rainfall as characteristic values of statistics; and then extends to use in all watershed calculations after delete the differences of time, typical point to large area and between regions through the link of watershed precipitation. The later method is used to establish experimental model through regional comprehensive correlation analysis of plot data by taking plot flood (sediment) yields and conservation treatment flood (sediment) reductions as correlation factors, quality division indices of the treatments as parameters; and the flood and sediment reduction indices of the treatments in watershed is rationally calculated through modifying runoff and sediment modulus.