水源与饮用水中病原原生动物的危害及其检测技术

The Hazard and Identification Methods of Pathozenec Protozoa in Source and Drinking Water

水源与饮用水中病原原生动物在世界范围内引起许多大规模的水传染疾病的爆发，美、英、澳、加等国家有多起实例报导。在地表水源，原水、处理水、滤池反冲洗水和最后的饮用水均检出了贾第虫和阴胞子虫。最后饮用水中的贾第虫呈阳性的检出率为１４．９％（７／４７），阴胞子虫检出率为２９．８％（１４／４７），其含量平均值为３．２４／１００Ｌ，最大值为２０.８／１００Ｌ。目前用于检测水中小粒阴胞子虫卵囊的方法分为三个阶段：样品收集和浓缩，从污染的碎屑中分离出卵囊以及检测胞囊并确定其活性。至今没有任何国家制定出饮用水中阴胞子虫卵囊含量的标准。

The protozoa or parasites have caused d large number of waterborne disease outbreaks, form whichresulted in hundreds people death. Among the parasites the most hazardous are Giardia and Cryptosporidum,which have caused many times of waterborne disease outbreak, with description of some examples. Somestudies have showed that both the Giardia and Cryptosporidium were found out in the samples of surface water,treated water from clarification, filtrate and backwash water from filters, and the final drinking water afterdesinfection. In the final drinking water the percentage of samples with positive reaction for Giardia was 14. 9%and that for Cryptosporidium 29. 8%, with an average of 3. 24/100L and maxium of 20. 8/100L. The identification method of Giardia and Cryptosporidum are separated into three stages: collection and concentration ofsample; separation of oocyst from polluted debrises; identification oocyst and determination of its activity. UPto now there is no national standard on the content of the Cmptosporidium oocyst in drinking water.