硫酸锰化工厂遗址周围水体重金属污染健康风险评价

Health Risk of Heavy Metal Pollution in Water around an Abandoned Manganese Sulfate Chemical Plant Site

对某典型废弃硫酸锰化工厂周围水体中重金属进行检测.结果表明:水样pH为2.56～8.33,总体呈酸性.饮用水中ρ(Mn)和ρ(Pb)偶尔超出《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749—2006),ρ(Cu),ρ(Zn)和ρ(Cd)均未超标.地表水中部分重金属含量超过《地表水环境质量标准》(GB 3838—2002)(Ⅴ类),其中ρ(Mn)严重超标,超标率达100%.应用健康风险评价模型对饮用水进行分析,非致癌物的个人年风险顺序为Mn>Pb>Zn>Cu,饮用水由饮水途径和皮肤接触途径所致健康危害的个人年风险以靠近厂区的2号采样点为最高,虽低于国际辐射防护委员会(ICRP)推荐的最大可接受风险水平,但高于瑞典环保局、荷兰建设和环境部推荐的最大可接受风险水平,建议暂不把该类井作为饮用水源.由健康风险评价可知,该硫酸锰化工厂虽关停多年,但附近水体仍存在风险,建议政府采取可行的修复措施使该地区的环境质量得到改善,以保障人民生活.

The heavy metals in water samples collected around a typical abandoned manganese sulfate chemical plant site were determined.The results showed that the pH values of the drinking water samples ranged from 2.56 to 8.33,being acidic in general.The concentrations of Cu,Zn and Cd in the drinking water were below the standard limit values in the national standard（GB 5749-2006）,while the concentrations of Mn and Pb occasionally exceeded the standard values.The concentrations of some heavy metals in the surface water exceeded the national standard values（GB 3838-2002,Grade Ⅴ）.In particular,Mn concentrations were much higher than the corresponding standard value,exceeding it by 100%.A health risk evaluation model was used to analyze the drinking water.The annual risk order in terms of non-carcinogens to an adult who drinks the water was Mn Pb Cu Zn.The personal annual health harm risk caused by drinking and dermal exposure to the drinking water was highest in the No.2 sampling site nearby the abandoned manganese sulfate chemical plant.The risk was lower than the standard value recommended by the International Commission on Radiological Protection（ICRP）,although it exceeded the maximum accepted level recommended by the Bureau of Environmental Protection of Sweden and Ministry of Building and Environmental Protection of Holland.It is suggested that water of this kind is temporarily not suitable to drink.Although the manganese sulfate chemical plant has been closed for many years,the health risks of heavymetals to humans still exist.We suggest that the governmentshould take restoration measures to improve the waterenvironmental quality around the abandoned plant site so as to ensure the quality of people＇s life.