中国基塘系统研究进展与新视角

The New Visual Angle and Advance on Researches of the Dike-pond System in China

基塘系统是中国珠江三角洲富有特色的农业生态系统,在传统农业时期曾发挥过重要作用。近些年由于受到诸多人为不利因素的影响,其环境趋于劣化,农业生产功能日益萎缩。如何通过空间配置与优化,发挥景观生态服务功能将是基塘系统未来研究的主要方向。综述了近30a来国内外基于农业生态、土地利用景观视角对中国基塘系统的研究进展,分析了研究中存在的不足与面临的问题,尝试提出基于湿地景观生态学视角开展基塘系统研究的新思路。围绕这一思路进一步就基塘的信息识别与获取技术、基塘景观格局变化及其驱动力、多尺度下基塘景观格局与生态过程的相互关系、基塘景观的生态服务功能与价值以及基塘景观格局的优化与调控等问题提出了未来的研究展望,以期为中国基塘系统研究内容的深入提供一些有益的启示和思路。

The dike-pond system is extraordinarily characteristic agriculture ecosystem which has offered great quantities of material, foods and wealth for people in the Pearl River Delta, China. During the past long periods, the dike-pond system has gained great attention of scholars to research and practice aiming at its agriculture production function. At present, however, with the development of economy and society in the Pearl River Delta, China, the dike-pond system has been facing a few awful problems such as area reducing, function degradation and environment degeneration, etc. So, the value of the dike-pond ecosystem＇s services function needs to be paid more attention to in the future. Based on analysis of the visual angle of agriculture ecology and landscape research, the advance of research on the dike-pond system in the past 30 years was reviewed and the existing problems and shortages in research course was discussed in this article. As the key topic of the research, this paper attempted to put forward the new scientific research visual angle based on wetland and landscape ecology theories of the dike-pond system. In conclusion of the paper, several future researches on dike-pond system were proposed, including the classification of wetland landscape types and information obtainment process, the changes and the driving forces of wetland landscape pattern, the relationship between landscape patterns and ecological processes based on multi-scale, function and values of the ecology services, and the ecological landscape pattern optimization.