摘要
论证是一个用理由支持观点以及回应其所受攻击的过程。在过去的几十年里,论证已经成为哲学和人工智能研究领域中的一个重要主题。在哲学方面,十九世纪50年代和60年代图尔敏和佩雷尔曼对形式逻辑的批判,促进了非形式逻辑这一学科的产生,它研究推理和论证的非形式模型。在人工智能方面,论证的形式模型也发展成为常识推理和多主体冲突解决的基本模型。本文将讨论后一领域中所研究发展的形式模型如何能够用以澄清一些哲学领域、以及非形式逻辑领域中的理论问题和争议。本文的一个重要观点是,图尔敏和佩雷尔曼时代的形式逻辑只关注数学化的推理,但那些非数学化的推理形式其实同样也能够被形式化。
Argumentation is the process of supporting claims with grounds and defending them against attack. In the last decades argumentation has become an important topic in phi- losophy and artificial intelligence. In philosophy, the criticisms of Toulmin and Perelman of formal logic in the 1950s and 1960s gave rise to the field of informal logic, which studies infor- mal models of reasoning and argumentation. In artificial intelligence, formal models of argu- mentation have been proposed as models of commonsense reasoning and multi-agent conflict resolution. This paper discusses how the formal models resulting from this research can clarify philosophical problems and issues, including those raised in the field of informal logic. An im- portant point will be that while formal logic in the days of Toulmin and Perelman only focused on mathematical reasoning, non-mathematical forms of reasoning can still be formalised.
出处
《逻辑学研究》
2011年第1期65-86,共22页
Studies in Logic
