正义理论的历史回顾:模式化抑或多元主义

Historical Review of Righteousness: Standardized or Diversified

从古希腊的亚里士多德到中世纪的阿奎那,再到近现代的休谟、罗尔斯、诺齐克、德沃金等,对正义、公平、平等进行了详细的阐述与论证。透视其历史脉络,我们就会发现对正义、公平、平等的论述有一种趋势,那就是从对某种东西(善及何种善)的分配的模式化论述转向对多种善、多种原则的多元式考量,并且在很大程度上传承和恢复了亚里士多德的古典主义,即对善的分配正义与矫正正义的考量与实践。

Philosophers like Aristotle in ancient Greek,Aquinas in the Middle-Ages,Hume,Rawls,Nozick and Dworkin in modern times have explored and argued the meaning of righteousness,justice and equality in details.Historically speaking,these explorations gradually change their focuses from the standardized distribution of a thing（goodwill and what goodwill） to various goodwill and diversified standards.During the process,Aristotle＇s classicism has been traced back and restored,i.e.the consideration and practice of righteousness in goodwill distribution and the discussion of ways to remedy righteousness.