科学选靶的理论与途径

Theories and Approaches on Scientific Targeting at Mineral Deposits

针对隐伏矿床和新类型矿床,科学选靶是矿产勘查成功的关键.根据地质异常致矿理论,将地壳结构复杂的地质异常区域定义为找矿有利地段;在找矿有利地段内,根据成矿系统理论,将成矿关键要素(源、运、储、盖)发育的地段定义为找矿潜在地段;在找矿潜在地段内,根据成矿系列理论,将可能出现矿床共生组合的地段定义为找矿远景地段.研究表明:(1)矿产资源体等级性和不均一分布,矿集区内,矿床规模-频率幂律分布和大型矿床通常在找矿初期发现的规律奠定了多尺度聚焦找矿战略的理论基础;(2)地质矿化单一信息的多解性和不确定性奠定了应用综合致矿信息找矿战略的理论基础;(3)基于成矿系统模式的概率模拟和基于综合找矿模型的概率模拟是从成矿的本质和现象两个方面评价可能矿化地段的最有效途径.

Scientific targeting is a successful key for exploration of both the concealed and new type of mineral deposits.Geological anomaly areas with complex structures in the crust can be defined as preferable ore-finding areas based on the theory of ore-forming geoanomaly.Areas where critical ore-forming factors such as thermal energy and ore-fluid source,plumbing fluid systems,trap （depositional） site,and fluid seal （cap） are well developed within the preferable ore-finding areas can be defined as potential mineral resource areas based on the theory of ore-forming system.Areas where association of ore deposits may exist can be defined as perspective ore-finding areas based on the theory of ore-forming series.This study demonstrates that both hierarchy and heterogeneity of the spatial and temporal distribution of ore deposits and their power-law size frequency distribution in individual province as well as the largest deposits discovered generally in the early phases of mineral exploration of a terrain lay a theoretical foundation of the telescoping ore deposits at multiple exploration scales.Ambiguity and uncertainty of ore-finding information from single discipline make it necessary to explore ore deposits using integrated ore-finding information from multi-disciplines such as geology,geochemistry,geophysics and remote sensing image.Probabilistic modeling techniques based on both ore-forming system model and integrated ore-finding pattern are the best approaches to assess mineral potentials of ore-finding target areas from two aspects of both ore-forming essence and phenomenon.