产生话语歧义因素之探索

Inquiring into Factors that leads to Utterance Ambiguity

歧义是自然语言中普遍存在的现象,它使很多语句具有两种或两种以上的意义。歧义的产生是一个动态的由潜在到现实的过程。在这一过程中,话语本身是歧义生成的基础和潜在因素;话语中非语言因素则是歧义由潜在变为现实的触发因素。无论哪种语言,歧义都是话语中不可避免的语言现象,换言之,歧义具有客观性。在大多数情况下,歧义会对话语交际产生负面影响,但由交际者故意引发的歧义则有利于交际目的的实现。

Ambiguity is a common phenomenon in language,which makes many sentences of a language embody two or more than two kinds of meanings.How ambiguity occurs is a dynamic process from potentiality towards reality.In this process,the utterance itself is the basis and the potential source of ambiguity,while the non-language element in an utterance is the direct factor that turns ambiguity from potentiality into reality.No matter in what language,ambiguity is an inevitable phenomenon.In other words,ambiguity has objectivity.In most cases,ambiguity will bring negative effects on communication.However,the ambiguity caused by speakers themselves on purpose will contribute to achieving the aim of communication.