单亲或无亲抚养环境在海洛因依赖者中的分布及对成瘾相关行为的影响

Distribution of single-parent family or non-parent family in childhood of heroin addicts and the influence to their addiction related behaviors

目的:调查单亲或无亲抚养环境在海洛因依赖者中的具体分布,并进一步以性别为基轴,研究单亲或无亲抚养环境对海洛因依赖者成瘾相关行为的具体影响。方法:采用自制调查表,内容包括主要抚养者的组成情况和各项成瘾相关行为,共收集有效资料890例,对调查进行统计分析。结果:单亲或无亲抚养在女性患者中占17.5%,在男性患者中占8.5%,男女比较有显著性差异。在总体上,单亲或无亲抚养的海洛因依赖患者首次使用海洛因年龄较早(t=2.03,P=0.004),日使用海洛因量较大(t=3.74,P=2.63E-4),曾有自杀企图或行为者较多(χ2=4.02,P=0.045)。男女分层后比较:单亲或无亲抚养的上述影响在男性患者中不显著,也未见该因素对男性患者其他成瘾相关行为的影响;单亲或无亲抚养对女性患者初次使用海洛因年龄和日使用海洛因量仍有显著影响,单亲或无亲抚养的女性患者初次使用海洛因年龄相对较早(t=2.98,P=0.003),日使用海洛因剂量相对较大(t=4.59,P=1.47E-5);单亲或无亲抚养对海洛因依赖者自杀企图或行为的影响在男性患者中和女性患者中均不显著。结论:单亲或无亲抚养的成长环境对女性海洛因依赖形成的影响更大,对女性海洛因依赖者成瘾相关行为的影响更为显著,单亲或无亲抚养的女性患者初次使用海洛因年龄相对较早,日使用海洛因剂量相对较大。且单亲或无亲抚养还是海洛因依赖者自杀的危险因素。因此,针对毒品滥用的防治措施似乎应尽早对单亲或无亲环境中成长者,尤其是单亲或无亲环境中的女性有所侧重。

Objective： To investigate the distribution of single-parent family or non-parent family in childhood of heroin addicts, and further to explore the association between single-parent family or non-parent family in childhood of heroin addicts with their addiction related behaviors by gender. Methods： 890 heroin addicts were interviewed by using self-designed questionnaire including items of structure of main earegivers and addiction related behaviors, and the survey data were analysed by statistics. Results ： The prevalence of single-parent family or non-parent family in childhood was 17.5% in female heroin addicts group, while it was 8.5% in male heroin addicts group. Between male and female group, the rates of single-parent family or non-parent family in childhood were statistically ＇dif- ferent. Heroin addicts grown up in single-parent families or non-parent families, the age of first heroin use was earlier（ t = 2. 03, P = 0. 004） , day dose of heroin use were more （t =3.74. P =2. 63E-4） , suicidal attempts or behaviors were more prevalent （χ2 =4. 02, P = 0. 045 ）, compared with the group with heroin addicts grown up in two-parent families. When groups were separated by gender, the associations between single-parent family or non-parent family in childhood with addiction related behaviors in males were disappeared, while statistical differences were remained between female groups in aspects of the age of first heroin use and day dose of heroin use. Conclusion：The influences of single-parent family or non-parent family in childhood to the development of heroin dependent are more prominent in female than in male. The influences of single-parent family or non-parent family in childhood to the addiction related behaviors are more significant in female heroin addicts in the aspects of the age of first heroin use and day dose of heroin use. Single-par-ent family or non-parent family in childhood is a risk factor to suicidal attempts or behaviors in heroin addicts. Therefore, the drug abuse prevention should be paid more attention to the adolescence in single-parent families or non-parent families, especially in females.