南京明城墙砖文中的基层组织研究

On the Grassroots Organization in Ming Dynasty City Wall Bricks Inscriptions

南京明城墙砖文中保存的信息有助于对明初役制组织的研究。从已发现的"均工夫"纪年砖可知,明初筑造城墙所需工役人员主要以均工夫役的方式获得,早期组织形式并不完备;约洪武十年后发展为推行以"甲"为建制的基层组织,从官吏到基层的组织形式已基本完备;至洪武十七年停止。与凤阳中都明初砖文比较可知,这一基层组织形式可能借鉴明中都军工砖砖文中的完整建制。

Information kept on the Nanjing city wall bricks is helpful to the study of workers organization of early Ming Dynasty.The unearthed dated bricks with reign titles and inscriptions of ＂Jun Gong Fu ＂revealed that the building workers were organized by the method of ＂Jun Gong Fu＂ and the initial style is imperfect.After the 10th year of Hong Wu Reign,the organization developed into the one by ＂Jia＂ system and got well organized from the officials to the basic manpower.This form didn＇t work until the 17th year of Hong Wu Reign.Compared with the brick inscriptions found in the Central Capital Fengyang,it can be proved that this basic organization might imitate the perfect system recorded in the military bricks inscriptions.