快速减重对优秀高校跆拳道运动员有氧运动能力、无氧运动能力及身体组成的影响

Effects of Acute Weight Loss on Aerobic Exercise Capacity,Anaerobic Exercise Capacity and Body Composition of Elite College Taekwondo Athletes

目的:探讨快速减重对跆拳道运动员有氧、无氧运动能力及身体组成的影响。方法:选择广州大学12名优秀男子跆拳道运动员,在减重前后分别测试有氧、无氧和身体组成的各项指标,并作指标自身前后t检验,α值设定为0.05。结果:快速减重前、后,有氧运动能力指标VO2m ax、最大运动时间及无氧运动能力指标最高无氧动力、无氧能力、平均无氧动力、疲劳指数均未达显著影响;身体组成指标蛋白质重、骨质重、体脂肪率、脂肪重、脂肪分布(腰臀围比)、肌肉重均达显著影响,细胞内液、细胞外液未达显著差异。结论:一周内快速减重3-5 kg对优秀高校跆拳道运动员的无氧运动能力并不会造成显著影响,对最大运动持续时间也没有显著的影响;反而由于体重及体脂肪减少而增进了VO2m ax。因此,一周内快速减重3-5 kg(原体重5%-8%),体脂百分比控制在6%以上,对高校优秀跆拳道运动员而言仍是在适当范围内。

Purpose： To discuss the effects of acute weight loss on aerobic exercise capacity, anaerobic exercise capacity and body composition of taekwondo athletes. Methods： Choosing 12 elite male taekwondo athletes from Guangzhou University, and testing all kinds of index of aerobic exercise capacity, anaerobic exercise capacity and body composition before and after weight loss. The dependent T - test was used on SPSS to analyze the index before and after rapid weight loss, and the level of significance was set atα = 0. 05. Results： Aerobic exercise abilities index （including VO2max, maximum exercise time） and anaerobic exercise capacity index （including maximum anaerobic power, anaerobic capacity, average anaerobic power and fatigue in- dex） of the athletes had no significant effect; Body composition index （including the weight of protein, the weight of selerotin, body fat percentage, the weight of body fat, fat distribution （ waist - hip ratio）, the weight of muscle mass） had significant effect; their intracellular fluid and extracellular fluid were not significantly influenced. Conclusion： Within one week, 3 to 5 kilograms of acute weight loss did not affect significantly the anaerobic exercise capacity of excellent college taekwondo ath-letes, so did to the maximal exercise duration time of the athletes. On the contrary, the decrease of weight and body fat had raised VO2max. Therefore, it was appropriate for elite college taekwondo athletes to lose their weight of 3 to 5 kilograms （ or 5% to 8% of their original body weight）, and keep their percentage of body fat above 6%.