造船厂矽尘总尘与呼尘浓度的关系探讨

Study on the relationship between total dust and respirable dust concentrations with different sampling methods

为比较中国、美国和德国粉尘采样方法测定的总尘与呼尘浓度比例关系,分析国产与美国、德国产粉尘采样器测定结果的可比性。在某造船厂的铸造车间于呼吸带高度平行采样8 d,测定总尘、呼尘浓度;分别计算总尘与呼尘浓度的比值,分析其影响因素;以方差分析、相关及回归分析对结果进行统计。结果 :(1)采用国产与美国、德国产采样器测得的总尘与呼尘浓度比值进行比较,差异无统计学意义(ANOVA-SNK检验,P>0.05)。(2)国产与美国产粉尘采样器测定的总尘与呼尘比值随着测尘距离增大而增大,但德国产仪器测定结果则反之。(3)总尘与呼尘浓度呈线性相关,只是国产仪器总尘与呼尘相关程度低于德国和美国。提示,国产仪器粉尘采样总尘、呼尘浓度比值与美国及德国的仪器具有可比性。

Objective To study the relationship between total dust and respirable dust concentrations by different sampling techniques using the instruments of China,USA and Germany respectively.Methods The air concentrations of the total dust and respirable dust in a foundry workshop of Wuchang Shipyard were determined for 8 consecutive days using the three different samplers.All the samplers were located in the workplace at the height of respiratory zone and to take parallel sampling at the same time.The analysis of variance（ANOVA）,and regression analysis were used to deal with the data especially its influence factors such as work types and distances from dust source to sampling sites.Results It was showed that：（1）there was no significant difference in ratios of total dust to respirable dust using different sampling instruments from China,USA and Germany repectively（P0.05）.（2）Compared to the results from Germany samplers,the ratios both from Chinese or US instruments were all increased with the distance between source and sampling sites（P0.05）.（3）there was a positive linear relationship between total dust and respirable dust concentrations,despite the correlation coefficient by Chinese instrument was the lowest compared to that by German and US instruments.Conclusion The results suggested that the ratio of total dust to respirable dust by Chinese instrument was comparable with that by Germany and US instruments.