自由家园的建构与超越——《西游记》“花果山”新解

Huaguo Shan:Free Home Constructed and Exceeded

《西游记》中从花果山到灵山的故事情节,虽由西天取经的题旨决定,但也由作者的艺术匠心所致。作者可能汲取了《大唐三藏取经诗话》、《桃花源记》、《水浒传》等前代文学作品的营养,从而成功地创造出花果山——孙悟空的自由家园这一理想境界。花果山是嫁接了多种文学因素而构成的一个独特的存在。孙悟空后来却离弃了花果山,走向了灵山,其人生追求的历程,生动地体现出儒释道多元文化的碰撞与融合。在《西游记》中,花果山和孙悟空的形象最富有中华文化的意蕴。

The story from the mountain Huaguo Shan to Ling Shan in the novel was decided not only by the subject of pilgrimage for Buddhist scriptures,be also by author＇s artistic ingenuity.The author may have inherited something from such works as Peach Blossom Brook,Heroes of the Marshes,etc,and created the mountain Huaguo Shan as a free homeland for Sun Wukong.The mountain named Huaguo Shan was a unique existence combining various literary factors.Sun Wukong abandoned the mountain later and went to Ling Shan.This embodies the collision and fuse of various cultures.Huaguo Shan and Sun Wukong were symbols most rich in Chinese culture in the novel Pilgrimage to the West.