宁夏引黄灌区冬小麦旱追肥肥效实验

Effects of dry additional fertilizer application on winter wheat in Ningxia irrigation area

在宁夏引黄灌区成功引种冬小麦,可促进产业结构调整,建立更高效的种植制度;但北方春季干旱多风、气温低与冬小麦返青期早、幼穗分化期遭遇缺水缺肥环境的矛盾有待进一步解决.探讨利用冬小麦返青前后灌区土壤返潮进行机械旱追肥的可行性及其增产效果,结果表明:冬小麦返青后至头次灌水前若没有自然降雨,机械旱追肥无增产效果,且有负面效应.原因主要是氮肥在土壤中易形成高浓度溶液,造成烧根烧苗,不利于促蘖增穗;在灌区干旱条件下,氮肥施用应结合灌溉水进行,才可充分发挥其增产效果.因此冬小麦返青至头水期间,田间管理应在潮水退前及早管理,提水保墒,有条件的区域早灌头水.机械旱追肥与种植前茬、土壤湿度、降雨、种植品种分蘖特性、苗情等关系较大,应综合考虑.

The success of introducing winter wheat in Ningxia irrigation area could adjust crop constructive to built planting system with high effect.But early turning green and young seedling differentiation of winter wheat always go with the disadvantage environment of drought and windy weather in spring in North of China,which induced the shortage water and fertilizer.The dry additional fertilizer application with drill machine carried during turning green stage of winter wheat at getting damp of soil and its effect of increasing yield were discussed here.The results showed that dry additional fertilizer application had no effect of increasing yield to winter wheat if no rainfall from turning green to first irrigation in spring and even had disadvantage effects.The main reason was that nitrogenous fertilizer in that condition easy formed high concentration solution in soil to damage roots or seedlings,which did not benefit for tiller development and increase of ear number.The best way for nitrogenous fertilizer application in drought condition in irrigation area must combine with watering to bring its effect of increasing yield into full play.Therefore,field managements from turning green to first irrigation of winter wheat should focus on water conservation through tillage measurements.It is best to irrigate earlier if possible.Dry additional fertilizer application concerns the former crop,soil moisture,rainfall and variety＇s tiller characteristics,which should be comprehensively considered.