免疫磁珠捕获法分离抗酸杆菌的实验研究

The establishment and use of a method for immunomagnetic bead separation to isolate acid-fast bacilli

目的建立免疫磁珠捕获法,用于分离抗酸杆菌,以提高痰菌阴性肺结核的诊断率。方法选取浸润型肺结核患者19例作为实验组,对照组6例,为肺部普通细菌感染者。受检者留取痰液,分别做直接涂片抗酸染色检查及免疫磁珠分选后抗酸染色检查。结果 19例浸润型肺结核患者中,7例痰涂片抗酸染色检查阳性,免疫磁珠分选后抗酸染色仍阳性;在12例痰涂片阴性肺结核患者中,经免疫磁珠分选后6例抗酸染色阳性。6例普通细菌性肺炎患者经免疫磁珠分选后抗酸染色均为阴性。结论用免疫磁珠捕获法分离抗酸杆菌能显著提高痰菌阴性肺结核的诊断效率。

Objective To establish a method of immunomagnetic bead separation to isolate acid-fast bacilli and to improve the diagnostic rate of sputum-negative pulmonary tuberculosis patients.Methods Subjects were 19 patients with infiltrative pulmonary tuberculosis including 7 with sputum-positive pulmonary tuberculosis and 12 with sputum-negative pulmonary tuberculosis.Six patients with bacterial pneumonia served as the control group.Direct sputum smear acid-fast staining or immunomagnetic bead separation after acid-fast staining was used.Results Seven patients with sputum-positive pulmonary tuberculosis according to acid-fast staining were all positive according to immunomagnetic bead separation.Six of 12（6/12）patients with sputum-negative pulmonary tuberculosis according to acid-fast staining were positive according to immunomagnetic bead separation.Six patients with bacterial pneumonia were all negative according to immunomagnetic bead separation.Conclusion Immunomagnetic bead separation significantly improved the rate of diagnosis of sputum-negative pulmonary tuberculosis.