电解铝厂工人职业性下背痛危险因素探讨

Study on risk factors of occupational low back pain among aluminum plant workers

目的 探讨电解铝厂工人职业性下背痛患病情况及其危险因素。方法 采用横断面调查问卷对铝厂工人及对照组的下背痛有关危险因素逐一询问，并依据病史及症状作出下背痛的临床诊断。结果 电解铝厂工人职业性下背痛患病率４５－４ ％ ，不同车间工人患病率差异未见显著性，但均高于对照组（１６－４ ％ ） 。Ｌｏｇｉｓｔｉｃ 回归分析提示下背痛患病与性别、年龄、身高、文化程度、婚烟状况、子女数、吸烟、饮酒、工作紧张感、疲劳感、既往疾病史及劳动姿势有关。结论 提示改善作业方式及有关社会心理状况、降低工作和家庭劳动负荷以及杜绝不良生活习惯是减低下背痛患病率的重要途径。

Objective To study the risk factors and prevalence of occupational low back pain among aluminum plant workers.Methods 403 aluminum plant workers and 207 controls were investigated by cross sectional study with a questionnaire of individual risk factors, and diagnosed by history and clinical symptoms. Results The prevalence of occupational low back pain among aluminum plant workers was 45.4%, significantly higher than that of controls. There was no significant difference of occupational low back pain among the workers in different workplaces. Logistic regression showed that low back pain was closely related with age, sex, body height, education, married states, numbers of children, duration of work, smoking, drinking, work stress, fatigue, diseases and work posture. Conclusion To improve work condition and social psychological states, to decrease work load in family and plant, and to give up smoking and drinking are some important measures for preventing occupational low back pain among aluminum plant workers.