校际生源分层与教育公平

Students Stratification and Educational Equity

校际间生源分层现象是社会分层在教育系统的表征。生源分层与教育资源不均衡配置互为因果。大量研究证明校际资源均衡配置并不能够从根本上解决择校和生源分层等问题。英美等国在治理生源分层过程中,制定了严格的入学法规和政策控制学校各类生源比例、依据生源分层状况的结果调节教育资源分配、实施社会配套措施支持低阶层学生融入优质学校,取得了较好的成效。我国现阶段教育公平进程应重点治理生源分层,建议采取以下措施:以干部子女比例为指标监测学校间生源分层状况、避免居住社区分化、树立弱者优先的观念、依靠法律和社会监督保障教育公平。

Students stratification is one of superficial characteristics that are manifested in educational system by social stratification. Student stratification and unequal allocation of educational resource are influenced by each other. A great amount of researches approved that equal allocation of education resource doesn’t have a strong power to fix the problems such as school selecting or students stratification. The strategies that UK and America had carried out to solve the problem of student stratification have some important implications to us. We should think about the harm of student stratification seriously and take some measures such as monitoring the degree of student stratification with the indicator of the share of students whose parents are officials at school, preventing from residential stratification, giving priority to the disadvantages, keeping the rules of educational laws and social supervision, etc.