高特质愤怒个体对负性情绪面孔注意偏向的实验研究

An Experimental Study of Attentional Bias to Negative Emotion Facial Expressions in High Trait Anger Individuals

目的探讨高特质愤怒个体是否对负性情绪面孔有注意偏向。方法采用点探测任务,比较高低特质愤怒个体(高特质愤怒组24人,低特质愤怒组24人)对不同性质情绪面孔同异侧探测符号反应时的差异。结果重复测量方差分析发现存在面孔性质边缘主效应(F=2.426,p=.073)及组别与面孔性质的交互效应,探测位置主效应(F=5.089,p=.029)及组别与探测位置的交互效应,组别、面孔性质与探测位置的交互效应。进一步分析发现,高特质愤怒组对愤怒面孔同侧探测刺激反应时显著快于异侧反应时[(386.12±50.09)ms VS.(403.33±59.39)ms,F=17.050,p=.000],快乐面孔同侧探测刺激反应时显著慢于异侧反应时[(396.88±53.87)ms VS.(380.78±41.06)ms,F=18.200,p=.000)],低特质愤怒组被试不同性质面孔同异侧反应时无显著差异。结论高特质愤怒个体对与愤怒相关刺激存在注意偏向。

Trait anger is a general tendency to react angrily to perceive situations,and it is individual differences in anger proneness such as the tendency to perceive a wide range of situations as annoying or frustrating,and the disposition to respond to such situations with elevations in state anger.Many studies focused on high trait anger individuals＇ attentional bias,but previous studies had no unanimous conclusion about whether high trait anger participants have attentional bias to negative stimulus,so this study aims to investigate whether there is attentional bias to negative emotion facial expressions in high trait anger individuals.A visual dot probe task was used in this study,and the stimuli were real facial expressions including anger,fear,sadness,neutral and happy faces.A 2（high trait anger / low trait anger） × 5（happy / neutral / angry / sad / fear） × 2（identical side / opposite side） mixed design was adopted to compare the reaction time deviations to different emotion facial expressions with a detecting probe at different sides in the high trait anger participants and the low trait anger participants（high trait anger： n=24,low trait anger： n=24）in the condition of stimuli presentation time 500ms.E-Prime program was used to present the stimulus and to record the reaction time and accuracy to stimuli of all subjects in the visual dot probe task.SPSS was used and Repeated Measurement ANOVA was made.Both the main effect of each variable and the interaction effect of variables were tested.It was shown by Repeated Measurement ANOVA that the marginal main effect（F=2.462,p=.073）in facial expressions properties and the interaction effect（F=3.323,p=.025） between groups and facial expressions properties were found,that the main effect in detecting locations（F=5.089,p=.029）and the interaction effect（F=12.736,p=.001） between groups and detecting locations were found,that the interaction effect（F=4.905,p=.001） among groups,facial expressions properties and detecting locations was found.Further analysis showed the reaction time to detect stimuli of angry facial expression under the identical side was shorter than under the opposite side in the high trait anger group[（386.12±50.09）ms VS.（403.33±59.39）ms,F=17.050,p=.000,and it also showed that the reaction time to detect stimulu of happy facial expression under the identical side was longer than under the opposite side in the high trait anger group[（396.88±53.87）ms VS.（380.78±41.06）ms,F=18.200,p=.000],and the deviation of reaction time to other facial expressions was not significant.In the low trait anger group,there not any significant deviation of reaction time under the identical side or the opposite side to any emotion facial expressions.The reaction time of high trait anger participants to facial expression of anger was significantly shorter than the facial expressions of fear,sadness,neutrality and happiness while the detecting stimulus was at the identical side.Attentional bias to facial expression of anger was shown.