德性自我意象、道德情绪与行为自我管理:对大学生的一项交叉滞后研究

The Relations Among Self-image of Morality,Moral Emotion and Moral Behavior Self-Management:A Cross-lagged Regression Analysis

研究采用交叉时序滞后设计,以问卷法对363名大学生进行了6个月的追踪调查,考察了德性自我意象、道德情绪(内疚/羞愧)与行为自我管理之间的相互预测关系。结果表明,德性自我意象、内疚和羞愧均能显著地正向预测道德行为自我管理,德性自我意象、内疚和羞愧可能是道德行为自我管理的前因变量。

The purpose of the research was to explore the relation between the self image of morality（SIM） and moral behavior self-management（MBSM）,and the relations among guilt, shame and MBSM.Using the scales about the SIM,guilt,shame and the MBSM as instruments,with a sample of 385 college undergraduates at in China,the tests were carried out twice with an interval of six months.SIM was measured with ten 5-point items and the scale included the Self Scale and Behavior Scale,which all referred to sensitivity,emotion,value,vividness and operation,and it was found that the higher the mark,the better SIM of the subject.SGI（Chinese version）,which was provided by Hu Jinhua was composed of 37 items,including Damage Scale,Careless Scale,Selfish Scale,and Betrayal Scale,and it was found thal the higher the score,the more guiltily the subject experiened.The shame Scale（SS） provided by Qian Mingyi et al was composed of 29 items including Personality Scale,Behavior Scale,Body Scale and Family Scale,and it was found that the higher their score,the more shamefaced the subject was.The combination the Moral Cognition and Behavior Scales （UMCB） composed of thirty 7-point items,was used to assess the MBSM.UMCB was an operational concept which could imply the level for MBSM.The higher the mark in UMCB,the more apt was the subject to conform to the commands of society.UMCB Scale and SIM Scale were developed and validated by the researchers.For two assessments,363 questionnaires were valid,which accounted for 94.3%.Among them,males were 165 and females were 198.The data were collected and cross-lagged regression analyses were done between the tests and retests.Correlation analysis showed that there were significant positive relationships between MBSM and SIM,guilt and shame in simultaneous tests（ps.01）.So,the correlations between MBSM and SIM,guilt and shame were consistent at the same time.The multivariable cross-lagged regression showed that（1） MBSM could not predict SIM after controlling the effect of SIM（β=.048,p.05）,but SIM could significantly predict MBSM six months later after the effect of MBSM（β=.198,p.01） was controlled.（2） The guilt could significantly predict MBSM six months later after the effect of MBSM（β=.157,p.01）was controlled,but MBSM could not predict the guilt after the effect of the guilt（β=.051,p.05）was controlled.（3） Shame could significantly predict MBSM six months later after controlling the effect of MBSM（β=.138,p.01）was controlled,but MBSM could not predict the shame after the effect of shame（β=.033,p.05）was controlled.Gender difference is not significant for all the cross-lagged regression analyses. SIM,guilt and shame were positive predictors of MBSM.So,the SIM,guilt and shame are most likely the causes for MBSM. Longitudinal research will be useful to understanding the connotation of SIM and the relationship between emotion and MBSM much profoundly.