大学生社会支持对主观幸福感的影响机制——自我控制及抑郁的中介作用

Effects Mechanism of Social Support on Subjective Well-being of College Students——the Mediating Influence of Self-control and Depression

以300名大学生为被试,采用问卷调查法探讨了自我控制、抑郁在社会支持与主观幸福感(subjective well-being,SWB)关系间的中介效应。结果发现:(1)社会支持、自我控制、抑郁与生活满意度、积极情感、消极情感两两相关显著;(2)大学生的社会支持对SWB产生了重要影响;(3)在社会支持影响SWB的关系中,无论是单独作用还是联合作用,自我控制和抑郁所产生的中介作用都比较微弱。采用EQS5.7b分析进一步验证了这一结果。

Social support has been one of the most-studied areas in mental health research.And a considerable amount of research has verified the positive effects of social support on individuals＇ mental health consistently.People with more social support reported less depression,less get ill,stronger and power,and so on.Recent studies further suggest that social support also plays an important role in enhancing the positive state of individuals,in particular the subjective well-being.Researchers found that individuals with higher social support also reported higher subjective well-being,life satisfaction,and more positive affect and less negative affect.Accordingly,the relationship between social support and subjective well-being has attracted a lot of attention.In the process of revealing the mechanisms of the linkage between social support and subjective well-being,researchers proposed two ways in which social support may affect subjective well-being：（1） As an important situational variable,the social support mediates the effects of the other variables（such as demographic variables） on subjective well-being;（2） Social support have an impact on subjective well-being through certain intermediaries（such as self-esteem）.Clearly,the relationship between social support and subjective well-being is very complex.Variables such as self-control,depression may also mediate the relation between social support and subjective well-being,just like self-esteem.Of course,evidence of the roles of self-control and depression in the linkage between social support and subjective well-being have to be base on the following conditions： First,social support helps improve the level of individuals＇ self-control,which will increase subjective well-being;Second,social support reduces the individuals＇ level of depression,which led to the enhancement of happiness;Third,self-control and depression interacted with each other.To test the three hypotheses,using a sample of 300 college students,we test the mediating influence of self-control and depression on the relationship between social support and subjective well-being on the basis of a questionnaire investigation.The results showed that：（1） Social support,self-control,depression and life satisfaction,positive affect,negative affect related to each other significantly;（2） Social support had an important effect on students＇ subjective well-being,the contribution rates of social support to life satisfaction,positive affect and negative affect were 11.2%,9.8%,and 2.2% respectively;（4） Social support had an important effect on students＇ self-control and depression,but the contribution rates of social suppor were weak.Which was 5.2% to self-control and 2.9% to depression;（5） Either alone or combined,the mediating effects of self-control and depression on the relationship between social support and subjective well-being were relatively weak.concretely speaking,when consider self-control and depression alone on the relationship between social support and subjective well-being,the contribution rates and standard regression coefficient of social support were all descende to different degree,which proved the mediating effects of self-control and depressing.Howerer,the succeeding analyses indicated that the mediating effects were more than partial effects.In comparison with the immediate effects of social support to subjective well-being,the mediating effects were 20.0% and 11.4% by sefl-control and depression relatively.And the results further verified by a SEM modeling analysis with EQS5.7b.