高粱雄不育系与四种苏丹草杂种F_1农艺性状及细胞遗传学研究

Agronomic Traitsand Cytogenetics of Hybrid F_1 Generated from Male Sterile Line of Sorghum and Four Kinds of Sorghum sudanense

为明确雄不育系高粱（Sorghum bicolor（L.）Moench）Z3A、V4A与黑壳、白壳、红壳、棕壳4种苏丹草（Sorghum sudanense（Piper）Stapf）种间杂种F1的育性状况、细胞遗传学特征和育种潜力,为杂交后代选择利用提供依据,采用定株观测、花粉粒染色,染色体制片镜检等方法,对杂种F1代的生长发育、主要农艺性状及染色体构型等进行研究。结果表明：8个杂交组合F1代植株生长茁壮,平均株高350~386 cm,显著超过其双亲;生育期较长（132~134 d）,属中晚熟类型;分蘖数多达6.24~6.82个,呈偏父本遗传;穗型呈双亲中间型,每穗小穗数、穗密度均优于其父本苏丹草;茎叶比在3.10~3.33之间,明显低于其母本;株高140 cm时,F1茎叶鲜草氢化物含量很低,变幅为9.38~42.01 mg.kg-1;开花盛期主茎糖锤度值较高,在8.89%~9.46%之间,呈偏母本遗传;F1花粉可育率在94%以上,自然结实率在73.22%~76.62%之间,均不存在育性问题;F1代PMCMⅠ染色体配对行为规则,平均构型为2n=2x=20（10Ⅱ）,但其棒状二价比例较高（6.702~7.215）,亲本间遗传组成存在一定差异;F1鲜草产量明显超过其父本苏丹草,增产幅度为12.17%~28.28%,超亲优势幅度为13.86%~39.42%。试验确定出育种潜力最大的杂交组合是：高粱V4A×棕壳苏丹草和高粱Z3A×黑壳苏丹草。

In order to provide a database for selecting and utilizing interspecific hybrids between male sterile line Z3A,V4A of Sorghum and 4 kinds of Sorghum sudanense（Piper） Stapf,the fertility,cytogenetic characteristics and breeding potential were analyzed by measuring fixed plants,staining pollen and making chromosome slides.Results showed that the growth potentiality of hybrid F1 was much stronger than its parents.Its average plant height was 350～386 cm.The growing and developing period of hybrid F1 was 132～134 days for the late-maturing type.The average tillering number per plant was 6.24～6.82 implying paternal inheritance.The ear type was intermediate for their parents.Both spikelet number per spike and spike density of hybrid F1 were superior compared with their male parent.Hydrocyanic acid（ranged from 9.38 to 42.01 mg/kg） in hybrids F1 plants with 140cm height were lower than the standard control.The brix in main stem（ranged from 8.89% to 9.46%） at the flowering stage indicated maternal inheritance.Pollen fertility rate was above 94%,with seed setting percentage between 73.22% and 76.62%.Its average chromosome pairing configurations in pollen mother cells at metaphase I（PMCMⅠ） was 2n=2x=20（10Ⅱ）.The chromosome pairing behavior was regular.The frequency of rod bivalent was obviously higher（6.702～7.215）than that of their parents（1.834～3.506） indicating different genetic components of parents.The fresh yield of hybrids F1 was higher than their male parent（Sorghum sudanense）.Results show that Z3A×white hull Sudangrass,V4A×black hull Sorghum sudanense and Z3A×black hull Sorghum sudanense are great potential breeding combinations.