人为因素与哈尔滨第三次鼠疫大流行

Human factors caused the third plague epidemic in Harbin

哈尔滨第三次鼠疫流行始发于1946年，终止于1954年。与前两次由外来传人不同，第三次鼠疫流行是当地原发与外地传人兼有。其中，当地原发是由人为因素造成的。日军在哈尔滨市平房区建立细菌武器研制中心后，强占土地，设立禁区，致使自然环境发生变化，为黄鼠种群数量的稳定创造了条件。1945年，日军投降前夕，为掩盖其罪行，将设在哈尔滨平房区的“731部队”细菌工厂炸毁，致使大批染疫鼠蚤扩散，传染了平房及其周围地区的鼠类，最终导致人为鼠疫疫源地的形成。哈尔滨市第三次鼠疫流行期间，各级防疫部门采取了一系列措施，在广大人民群众多年的努力下，人间鼠疫和鼠问鼠疫得到有效控制，但哈尔滨市鼠疫疫源地并未根除。

The third plague epidemic in Harbin broke out in 1946 and ended in 1954. Different from the first two plague epidemics （imported） , the third prevalence was both imported and idiopathic infectious disease which was caused by human factors. Japanese troops set forbidden zones to build a biological weapon center, which destroyed the natural environment and offered a good growth condition for Citellus Undulatus. In 1945, on the eve of surrender, the Japanese blew up the Unit 731 germ factory located in a bungalow district, which caused diffusion of infected plague fleas. Mice of the district were infected and a man - made plague focus was created. During the prevalence of the third plague, prevention departments at all levels took a series of actions and with people＇ s efforts, the plague was effectively controlled.