上海马桥夏商陶器研究

STUDY ON POTTERY IN XIA-SHANG PERIOD AT MAQIAO SITE OF SHANGHAI

上海马桥夏商遗址出土的陶器中有硬陶和软陶二类，硬陶是在１０７７ ～１１１４ ℃左右温度下烧成，胎中有莫来石晶体，不发生过烧现象；软陶一般在１０００ ℃以下的温度烧成，故胎中无莫来石晶体。部分样品表面有涂层和印纹装饰，涂层分二种：（１） 残留物较多的富玻璃相涂层，（２） 细胎泥涂层。还有二样品局部表面有很薄（１０ ～５０μｍ） 玻化层，这可能是样品在高温下烧成时由草木灰落在器皿表面而生成。

Two kinds of pottery were excavated at the Maqiao site of Shanghai in Xia-Shang period.(a) Hard pottery was fired at about 1077～1114℃.There are mullite crystallites in the bodies.The body did not occurred in overfired state.(b) Soft pottery was fired at under 1000℃.There are not mullite crystallites in the bodies.There were coated and stamped decorations on the surface of some samples.Two kinds of coat are discovered.(a) There are more remains of raw material and glass phace in the coat.(b)The surface was coated by fine bodyclay.There is very thin vitrification layer (10～50μm) on part of the surface of two samples.It was proboble resultant that wood and straw ashes fell on the surface when the samples were fired at high temperature.